Roll is a tool used for rolling metal materials, and its variety and manufacturing process have continuously improved with the development of metallurgical technology and steel rolling equipment. During the Middle Ages, low strength gray cast iron rollers were used for rolling soft non-ferrous metals. In the mid-18th century, Britain mastered the production technology of cold hard cast iron rollers for rolling steel plates. The advancement of steelmaking technology in Europe in the second half of the 19th century required the rolling of larger tonnage steel ingots, and ordinary cast steel rollers with a carbon content of 0.4% to 0.6% emerged. The use of alloying elements and the introduction of heat treatment in the early 20th century improved the wear resistance and toughness of cast and forged steel hot and cold rolling rolls.
